Intensive and extensive property an intensive property is those which have the same value for any part of the system or the properties independent of the mass of the system. Basic principles of classical and statistical thermodynamics pdf 35p this note covers the following topics. Describe the difference between an intensive and an extensive property. The mass and volume of a substance are examples of extensive properties. Difference between intensive property and extensive.
Intensive properties are independent of the amount of mass. Topic1560 extensive and intensive properties the terms. It is because the expressions for the first and second laws of thermodynamics will be written in terms of extensive properties and the charts we use to look up property values will contain intensive properties. Examples of intensive properties include temperature, refractive index, density, and hardness of an object. Before discussing these properties lets come to know about what is property.
The test for an intensive property is to observe how it is affected when a. On the other hand, the temperature of the two identical objects is the same as that of either one, and this is also true of the pressure and the density. An intensive property is a bulk property, meaning that it is a physical property of a system that does not depend on the system size or the amount of material in the system. How will you distinguish between intensive and extensive. Intensive and extensive properties formulasearchengine. For example, pressure and temperature are intensive properties. Thermodynamic properties of a system may be classified into two groups.
An extensive property of a system depends on the system size or the amount of matter in the system. Conversely, properties which are neither intensive nor extensive represent homogeneous functions of. However, to determine if the system is in steady state, we must concentrate on a single point over time. For example, in thermodynamics, according to the state postulate. In order to carry through a program of finding the changes in the various thermodynamic functions that accompany reactionssuch as entropy, enthalpy, and free energyit is often useful to know these quantities separately for each of the materials entering into the reaction.
Redlich, otto, intensive and extensive properties, american chemical society. These are the properties which depend on only upon the nature of the substance and are independent of the amount of the substance present is the system. An extensive property is defined by the iupac green book as a physical quantity which is the. That which you can grasp, cut, twist, and turn is extensive. There are, of course, various ways of practising listening that need to be done during the preparation of exams or in the learning of english. This is your solution of extensive and intensive properties of thermodynamics search giving you solved answers for the same. Extensive and intensive properties of thermodynamics class. Do check out the sample questions of extensive and intensive properties of thermodynamics for class 11, the answers and examples explain the meaning of chapter in the best manner. Intensive and extensive properties wikimili, the best.
For example, mass and volume are extensive properties, but their ratio density is an intensive property of matter. Intensive is a property which is independent of the amount of material in the system like thermal conductivity, temperature, boiling point, freezing point, surface tension, density, vis. The ratio of two extensive properties of the same object or system is an intensive property. In the axiomatic approach, the extensive or intensive nature of thermodynamic variables is emphasized.
Properties of matter fall into one of two categories. Intensive properties do not depend on the quantity of matter present. By now, you understand the how to read, what to read, and why to read of both intensive and extensive reading. Topic1560 extensive and intensive properties the terms, variables and properties are synonymous. Intensive and extensive thermodynamic properties qs study. Thus, if a quantity of matter in a given state is divided into two equal parts, each part will have the same value of intensive property as the original and half the value of the extensive property. The value of an extensive property varies directly with the mass. Other intensive properties include color, temperature, density, and solubility. Intensive and extensive property, thermodynamics property. Thermodynamics thermodynamic properties and relations. Temperature and pressure measurements temperature temperature scales pressure pressure scales summary 3. Intensive properties are those properties of the system which do not depend on the extent of the system. System, surroundings, types of systems, intensive and. You might wonder why we need to be concerned with both intensive and extensive properties.
Internal energy, e, is an example of an extensive variable. The state of a simple compressible system is completely specified by. When considering physical systems, it is often very useful to stay aware of whether the property being considered is intensive or extensive. The state of a simple compressible system is completely specified by two independent, intensive properties. Intensivevariablesaresometimes called the bulk properties of the system. The common examples of these properties are temperature, pressure, refractive index, viscosity, density, surface tension, specific heat, freezing point, boiling point etc. Basic concepts of thermodynamics thermodynamics and energy. All of the others are extensive but can be made intensive by dividing by the quantity of the substance.
For example, the ratio of an objects mass and volume, which are two extensive properties, is. That means extensive properties are directly related directly proportional to the mass. In this article we will learn about difference between intensive and extensive properties. The magnitude of an intensive variable does not depend on the amount of chemical substance in a given closed system. An intensive property is a property of matter that depends only on the type of matter in a sample and not on the amount. The eight basic thermodynamic properties can be classified as intensive or extensive. The ratio between two extensive properties is an intensive property.
The distinction between intensive and extensive properties has some theoretical uses. An intensive property is independent of the amount of mass. Thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid flow table of contents 1. While extensive properties are great for describing a sample, they arent very helpful in identifying it because they can change according to sample size or conditions. Examples of intensive properties are pressure p, temperature t, density. Intensive properties are properties that do not depend on the quantity of matter. Nevertheless a given thermodynamic property of a system can be classified as either intensive or extensive. Physical and chemical properties chemistry 2e openstax. Thermodynamic and nonthermodynamic properties, microstates and thermodynamic states, concept of energy, microstate driving forces, thermodynamic driving forces, intensive and extensive propertie, the laws of thermodynamics, heat and thermal energy, entropy, energy transport by. If the property depends on the amount of matter present, it is an extensive property. Extensive properties are those that change as the size of an object changes. Describe the terms, classical thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics. Thermodynamic properties tp thermodynamic properties.
Free books thermodynamics heat transfer and fluid flow. In the axiomatic approach, the extensive or intensive nature of thermodynamic variables is emphasized and the. Intensive properties are those that do not change as the size of an object changes. Pdf a method to illustrate the extensive and intensive properties of. Properties that are not proportional to the sample size are called intensive properties. Mp 1 2 what is the difference between extensive and intensive properties. Thermodynamic properties mass and weight specific volume density specific gravity humidity intensive and extensive properties summary 2.
Define and articulate some of the critical language and concepts of thermodynamics distinguish between the universe, system, surroundings, and boundary define open system, closed system, and isolated system define adiabatic, isothermal, isobaric, and isochoric processes distinguish between extensive and intensive thermodynamic properties. The behavior of these quantities is governed by the four laws of thermodynamics which convey a quantitative description using measurable macroscopic physical quantities, but may be explained in. Intensive and extensive property thermodynamics in hindi. Thermodynamic properties can be divided into two general classes, intensive and extensive properties.
Any property of a system that does not depend on the actual quantity of matter contained in the system is called intensive property. Physical properties are in two types as intensive properties and extensive properties. Wikipedia book book category v t e physical properties of materials and systems can often be categorized as being either intensive. Thus, if a quantity of matter in a given state is divided into two equal parts, each part will have.
Intensive and extensive properties definition, examples. Extensive variables are those that vary linearly with the size of the system. An intensive variable is one that does not depend on the volumeofthesystem, andanextensivevariableisonethatdoes. Intensive and extensive properties thermodynamics engineers edge. Thus, if the system is divided into a number of subsystems, the value of the property for the whole system is equal to the sum of the values for the parts.
The properties, like temperature and pressure which are independent of the mass of the system are called intensive properties. Inconsistent notation has plagued thermodynamics perhaps since the beginning. The extensive properties scale directly with size, i. Other intensive properties are derived from those two variables. An intensive property is independent of the quantity of substance. The properties like volume, which depend on the size of the system are called extensive properties. A method to illustrate the extensive and intensive. The main difference between intensive and extensive properties is that intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter whereas extensive properties depend on the amount of matter. Intensive and extensive properties free download as pdf file. An intensive property is a system of properties that does not depend on the amount or size of the material, whereas the extensive property is a system of properties that depends on the amount or size of the material.
Intensive and extensive properties thermodynamic properties. Extensive and intensive properties chemistry libretexts. In thermodynamics, variables are classified as either extensive or intensive. A method to illustrate the extensive and intensive properties of. The difference between intensive and extensive properties. Note that any extensive property can be made into an intensive property by dividing by another extensive property.
Intensive and extensive variables university of utah. Though you may feel more compelled to one style of reading over the other, dont fall into the trap of thinking that one method is intrinsically better. The ratio of two extensive properties is scaleinvariant, and is therefore an intensive property. For example, when gravity may be assumed constant, the ratio of the extensive properties mass and volume, the density, is an intensive property. Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat and temperature, and their relation to energy, work, radiation, and properties of matter. Difference between intensive and extensive properties. Extensive properties include mass, volume, length, height etc. Define the terms intensive and extensive variables. There are four properties in any thermodynamic system, two are intensive and two are. Generally, uppercase letters are used to denote extensive properties except mass m, and lower case letters are used for intensive properties except pressure p. For example, when gravity effects can be neglected, the ratio of the extensive properties mass and volume, the density, is an intensive property. Thermodynamics thermodynamics thermodynamic properties and relations.
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